![]() We compared model accuracy using the two most robust evaluation metrics, root mean square error (RMSE) and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). Two benchmark models-random forest and boosted regression trees-were used to compare their results with the standalone GMDH and hybridized models. ![]() We considered a total of 13 spatial covariates (altitude, slope, aspect, topographic wetness index, valley depth, plan curvature, profile curvature, distance from fault, distance from river, distance from road, land use, density of forest, and lithology were chosen as independent variables). The study area was the Bonghwa region of South Korea, for which an accurate landslide inventory dataset is available. Furthermore, hybridized models of GMDH were developed using different metaheuristic algorithms. In addition, it investigates the capability of a state-of-the-art model developed using the group method of data handling (GMDH) to spatially model LS. This study aimed to provide a new approach with better performance for landslide mapping and adopting readily available variables. Landslide susceptibility (LS) mapping is an essential tool for landslide risk assessment.
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